OSHA Fact Sheet Portable Generators
*Hazards Associated with Generators*
- Shocks and electrocution from improper use of power or accidentally energizing other electrical systems.
- Carbon monoxide (CO) from a generator’s exhaust. (Winter is coming)! Plan for ventilation.
- Fires from improperly refueling a generator or inappropriately storing the fuel for a generator.
- Noise and vibration hazards.
Key Points: Generator Use
- Inspect the generator for damage or loose fuel lines.
- Keep the generator dry and maintain and operate it according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
- Never use a portable generator indoors, or in enclosed spaces such as garages, crawl spaces, C-cans, and basements.
- Generators should be used outdoors, but never place a generator near doors, windows, or ventilation shafts where CO can enter and build up.
- Make sure the generator has 3 to 4 feet of clear space on all sides and above it to ensure adequate ventilation.
- If you or others show symptoms of CO poisoning—dizziness, headaches, nausea/vomiting, tiredness, confusion, unconsciousness—get to fresh air immediately and seek medical attention.
What You Need to Know!
*Electrical Safety Precautions:*
- Never attach a generator directly to the electrical system of a structure (home, office, trailer, etc.) unless a qualified electrician has professionally installed the generator with a transfer switch.
- Avoid overloading: Don’t exceed the generator’s rated capacity.
- Use grounded outlets: Ensure all outlets are properly grounded.
- Always use grounded cords and inspect cords for damage prior to use.
- Use the proper cord for the wattage being used.
- Inspect all cards daily and keep them organized to prevent tripping hazards and electrical shock.
- Avoid water exposure. Keep generators dry to prevent electrical shock.
- Always use GFCI protection. OSHA does not require under 5kv – but our corporate policy requires 100% GFCI protection.
- Make sure to start/stop the generator when no electrical loads are connected.
- Make sure the generator has 3-4 feet of clear space above and on all sides.
- Make sure all connections are secured with stress relief devices or have a manufacturer plug.
*Use*
- (CO) exposure is a significant exposure. Keep generators at least 20 feet away from employees. Never operate in enclosed spaces.
- Use ground fault circuit interrupters (GFCIs), especially where electrical equipment is used in or around wet or damp locations.
- Make sure a generator is properly grounded, and the grounding connections are tight. Consult the manufacturer’s instructions for proper grounding methods.
- Never manipulate a generator’s electrical components if you are wet or standing in water.
- Power off and do not use any electrical equipment that has strange odors or begins smoking.
- Keep portable generators as far away as possible from work areas and gathering spaces. Wear hearing protection if this is not possible. Immediately and seek medical attention.
*Fire Safety Precautions:*
- Before fueling or refueling, shut down the generator and allow it to cool.
- Store fuel properly: Keep fuel away from open flames, sparks, and or the generator itself.
- Monitor temperature to ensure the generator doesn’t overheat.
- Have a 20lb. ABC fire extinguisher nearby – Rated for electrical fires.
- Refuel when cool.
- Generators with plastic gas tanks are prohibited on our job sites. to help you stay properly hydrated.
*Extended Precautions:*
- 1926.404(b)(1)(i) General. The employer shall use either ground fault circuit interrupters as specified in paragraph (b)(1)(ii) of this section or an assured equipment grounding conductor program as specified in paragraph (b)(1)(iii) of this section to protect employees on construction sites. These requirements are in addition to any other requirements for equipment grounding conductors.
- 1926.405(a)(2)(ii)(A) Feeders shall originate in a distribution center. The conductors shall be run as multiconductor cord or cable assemblies or within raceways; or, where not subject to physical damage, they may be run as open conductors on insulators not more than 10 feet (3.05 m) apart.
- 1926.405(a)(2)(ii)(I) Flexible cords and cables shall be protected from damage. Sharp corners and projections shall be avoided. Flexible cords and cables may pass through doorways or other pinch points if protection is provided to avoid damage.
- 1926.405(g)(2)(iv) Strain relief. Flexible cords shall be connected to devices and fittings so that strain relief is provided which will prevent pull from being directly transmitted to joints or terminal screws.
